International humanitarian law (IHL) safeguards various categories of individuals and entities in times of armed conflict; the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols are instrumental in this. These legal frameworks extend protection to the sick and wounded, prisoners of war, civilians and civilian objects.    

It refers to the use of force to repel an attack or imminent threat of attack directed against oneself or others or a legally protected interest. Self-defense in international law refers to the inherent right of a State to use of force in response to an armed attack.

International justice means ensuring accountability for some of the most serious crimes: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, torture and enforced disappearances. There are many reasons why victims of these crimes are denied justice.

Enemy character of individuals of neutral States: The individuals of the neutral States who do not reside in the territory of enemy State are not deemed to be having enemy character. But if they participate in any activities against the belligerent State, then they may be deemed to having enemy character.   The Enemy Character…

General international law is part and parcel of investor–State arbitration. Not only treaty law and State responsibility, but also matters such as State succession, the international minimum standard, or State immunity feature regularly in investor–State arbitration.

The Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius (1583–1645) became known as the ‘father of international law’ in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The title “Father of International Law” is often attributed to Hugo Grotius (1583–1645), a Dutch jurist, philosopher, and theologian. Grotius laid the foundation for the modern system of international law through his seminal work, De Jure Belli…

The United Nations Charter sets out the fundamental principles of modern public international law, notably: Promotion of human rights; The strict limitation on the right to use force against other states; The strict prohibition on the acquisition of territory by force. The United Nations (UN) Charter, adopted on June 26, 1945, is one of the most influential legal…

International law is a set of rules and principles governing the relations and conduct of sovereign states with each other, as well as with international organizations and individuals. Issues that fall under international law include trade, human rights, diplomacy, environmental preservation, and war crimes.